ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Of these, a total of 32 studies were included, comprising 3047 patients with NSCLC with longitudinal ctDNA assessment from 14 clinical trials, 12 non-randomized prospective cohorts, and 6 retrospective studies (ie, the latter two categories consisted of observational data).9,20,21,31-57 A total of 1940 (64%) patients received targeted therapies, encompassing EGFR, ALK, and MET TKIs, while 826 (27%) were treated with ICB and 281 (10%) patients had undergone chemotherapy without involving targeted treatments or ICB (Table 1).