Further comparison of the Septin9, Epo, and MT-1A MDM panel with conventional tumor markers in diagnosing different tumor stages in the clinical cohort showed positive detection rates of 56.25%, 77.36%, 86.49%, 89.71%, and 94.02% for cancer stages 0–IV, respectively, which were notably higher than those of the conventional tumor markers CEA, SCC, CA199, and NSE (Figure 5A and Supplemental Figure 6). Here, EPO is linked to neoplasm.