(A–E) Wild-type BMDM cells were primed overnight with 1 μg/ml Pam3CSK4 and incubated with E. coli or P. aeruginosa (ΔRetS PAO1) at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 30 and 20 μg/ml outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) for 2 hr. Here, SMOX is linked to infection.