In people with T1D and insulin resistance, fasting plasma glucagon levels were not suppressed by insulin during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemia suggesting a contribution to insulin resistance (38, 39, 120); dose–response effects of glucagon infusions on the stimulation of EGP (156) and glucose variability (157) have also been reported (Fig. 3). Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.