Under fasting conditions, the ∼30% higher EGP due to ∼70% higher rates of gluconeogenesis and ∼70% lower rates of net glycogen synthesis in nonobese inadequately controlled people with T1D (average HbA1c 8.5%, diabetes duration 20 years) were reversed by improved glycemic control (average HbA1c 7%, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII]) (125). Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.