Elevations of fasting plasma glucagon, lactate, NEFAs, glycerol, and amino acids in T1D may explain, at least in part, the increase in fasting rates of EGP: NEFAs and glucagon are potent stimulators of gluconeogenesis, whereas lactate, glycerol, and amino acids are important substrates for gluconeogenesis (15, 18, 22, 38, 39, 52, 60, 67). The gene discussed is GCG; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.