INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: A study on healthy adults examining the relationship between sleep, obesity, and insulin action showed that overfeeding/weight gain–mediated insulin resistance in the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle (euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamps) was manifested only in participants with short sleep duration and not in those with longer sleep duration emphasizing the importance of sleep in insulin action and metabolic regulation (304).