INS and hyperinsulinism: In insulin-resistant people with T1D, under conditions of euglycemic- or hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia, the reduction in whole-body and forearm/femoral glucose disposal was correlated positively with similar reductions in nonoxidative glucose metabolism, glycogen synthesis, and glycogen synthase activity, whereas lactate formation was found either lower or similar to controls; glucose oxidation and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity were unchanged (19, 22, 28, 31, 34, 49).