INS and Autoimmunity: The issue that autoimmunity may not be the primary mechanism in the development of T1D has been investigated in children with a positive first-degree family history of T1D before the initiation of autoimmunity from the age of 4 months to 4 years by measurements of preprandial and postprandial glucose concentrations and insulin autoantibody titers to address the question of whether autoimmunity is the main driver of T1D or follows the initiation of β-cell destruction and impaired glucose regulation by other factors.