IL2 and rheumatic heart disease: These novel findings suggest that LD-IL-2 will be an effective immunotherapeutic agent for treating ARF and has the potential to replace the standard monthly penicillin injections.<h4>Importance</h4>Post-streptococcal autoimmune syndromes, including acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, and Sydenham's chorea, represent a significant yet often under-recognized health and economic burden.