VEGFA and neoplasm: Tumor cells also release a variety of soluble pro-inflammatory (i.e., tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] and interleukin-1beta [IL-1β]) and proangiogenic (i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and basic fibroblast growth factor) factors that transform the non-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory endothelial cell surface into an adhesive and procoagulant surface [4].