CD34 and Alzheimer disease: In patients with advanced AD, Lee et al. [23] discovered that lower endothelial progenitor cell-colony forming units (EPC-CFUs) were independently associated with lower scores on the mini-mental state exam (MMSE) and higher scores on the Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDRS), although the CD34+ counts were not distinctly different between the demented and non-demented patients.