In this assay, specific antibodies conjugated to PINs were bound to their corresponding analytes—intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which are indicative of gastric, pancreatic, and prostate cancers, respectively. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer.