CSF1 and Cowden syndrome 1: CSF1, a proinflammatory growth factor, stimulating macrophages to migrate to inflammatory processes and chronic inflammation, has been confirmed to be associated with disease activity in our study, especially in the patients at disease onset or relapse compared to those in remission achievement and those in remission after termination of treatment with CS, suggesting its potential role in disease activity, which seems to be present even in the absence of CS treatment.