TNF and Granuloma: This spatial model accounted for granulomas as evolving regions over time and incorporated variables such as the density of macrophages, Treg, Th1, and Th17 cells, as well as concentrations of IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β, GM-CSF, and CCL20, along with fluid velocity.