In summary, this study showed that the aqueous extract of Mimosa pudica leaves and stems possesses potent antiepileptogenic and anticonvulsant activities against pilocarpine–picrotoxin-induced temporal lobe epilepsy that may be directly related to the increase in protection against status epilepticus and generalized tonic–clonic seizures, through the amelioration of GABAergic and cholinergic transmission pathways, attenuation of oxidative/nitrosative stress, and the normalisation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and temporal lobe epilepsy.