In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), KLF4 expression is upregulated and closely associated with macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization, while miR-34a-5p targets KLF4 and reverses macrophage polarization, regulating immune molecules such as IL-1β, thus showing therapeutic potential for NSCLC (58). This evidence concerns the gene KLF4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.