Moreover, inhibition of NAMPT activity by FK866 has been shown to decrease inflammatory cytokine release, which was mechanistically linked with altered monocyte/macrophage biology and skewed macrophage polarization, by reducing CD86, CD38, MHC-II and IL-6 expression and promoting CD206, Egr2 and IL-10, which can be used to attenuate acute intestinal inflammation (89). This evidence concerns the gene CD38 and inflammatory response.