STAT3 and ischemia: Previous studies have shown that the molecular mechanisms by which FMN improves cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI) include regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway [18], the PARP‐1/PARG/Iduna signalling pathway [29] and the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway [30], inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis [30, 31] and enhancing cerebrovascular neovascularisation [32].