NFKB1 and intervertebral disk degenerative disorder: demonstrated that M1 polarisation, induced by exosomes derived from degenerated nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, exacerbates IDD through the miR‐27a‐3p pathway, targeting PPARγ/NF‐κB/PI3K/AKT signalling, thereby promoting inflammation and disc degradation [12].