TGFB1 and cancer: miR-193b-3p may be involved in many biological processes, especially cancer progression, including the regulation of EMT, inhibition of cell proliferation, promotion of apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation [51,54–56] In this study, overexpression of miR-193b-3p in A549 cells reduced TGFβ2 mRNA levels by approximately 50%, whereas no significant change in TGFβ1 mRNA levels was observed (Fig 4A), indicating TGFβ2-specific regulation by miR-193b-3p.