PTPN11 and lung cancer: This is supported by our observation that genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of XIAP or SHP2 exhibited no obvious effect on lung cancer cells; however, combination treatment with XIAP and SHP2 inhibitors or embelin significantly suppressed cell proliferation, metastasis, and induction of apoptosis, demonstrating that XIAP and SHP2 are synthetic lethal partners in lung cancer with high RAS activity.