Additionally, GOLM1 may further promote tumor invasion and metastasis by affecting the expression of ECM components and cell adhesion molecules within the tumor microenvironment (Sun et al. 2024).S100P (S100 calcium-binding protein P) is a typical calcium-binding protein that has been shown to play a crucial role in various tumor types, particularly in tumor cell migration, invasion, and immune evasion (Xu et al. 2024). This evidence concerns the gene S100P and neoplasm.