TGFB1 and chronic atrophic gastritis: To further clarify the association between ferroptosis and M2c macrophages in the TME, we confirmed through WB results that the expression of TGFβ1 protein in gastric cancer cells (Hgc27 and MKN45) was higher than that in normal gastric mucosal cell line GES1 and atrophic gastritis model cell line MC (Fig. 7f-g).