The RT-qPCR validation of TGFβ1 mRNA expression in gastric cancer cell lines showed that gastric cancer cells (Hgc27 and MKN45) showed varying degrees of elevation after 6 h, 12 h and 24 h of M2c intervention, this change was positively correlated with the intervention time (Fig. 6o). Here, TGFB1 is linked to gastric cancer.