IL1B and ischemic stroke: Some scholars investigated the effects of sodium butyrate on ischemic stroke in middle-aged rats and found that treatment with sodium butyrate further inhibited the MCAO-induced increase of IL-1β, IL-17A, and IL-18 in the ischemic hemispheric brain lysates (cortex and striatum), and reduced the ischemia-induced upregulation of IL-1β and IL-18 in the circulation, which suggests that sodium butyrate, as an HDAC inhibitor, has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect and can exert neuroprotective effects (242).