TGFB1 and Peritoneal Fibrosis: Parthenolide, a compound that treats peritoneal fibrosis, reduces levels of inflammatory cytokines, decreases TGF-β1 expression and the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65, thereby inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad/NF-κB signaling axis and demonstrating Parthenolide’s potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammation-induced fibrosis (67).While the above studies independently highlight the roles of TGF-β and NF-κB signaling pathways in inflammation and fibrosis, they do not explicitly address any direct link or potential crosstalk between them.