SMAD3 and renal fibrosis: IN-1130 (IC50 of 5.3nM in inhibiting ALK5-mediated Smad3 phosphorylation) impeded the UUO-induced renal fibrosis development in rats 154, and R-268712 (IC50 of 2.5nM) attenuated glomerulosclerosis in anti-Thy1 nephritis and UUO-induced fibrosis in rats 155.