GDF15 and Cachexia: Further stratification by cachexia status for ENA-78/CXCL5, GRO-α /CXCL1 and GDF-15 (as a comparison) shows that ENA-78/CXCL5 and GRO-α/CXCL1 levels were unchanged for any R&E group when stratified by cachexia status (Figure 4B).