APP and amyloidosis: By combining native PAGE separation with blotting using PU-TCO, an epichaperome-specific small molecule probe32, we detected epichaperome formation in the cortex of APP NL-F mice as early as 2–3 months (Fig. 3b)—well before the onset of amyloid plaque formation (reported at 6 months)59 and prior to the emergence of spatial memory deficits (reported at 7–8 months)58.