Expression for these 10 CTB-associated miRNAs was also compared between tumour and normal samples within The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts, and several cohorts showed expression differences between malignant and non-malignant samples for these miRNAs (Supplementary Fig. 3); expression of oncogenic miRNAs is generally upregulated in cancers, where high expression of these oncomirs leads to suppression of key target tumour suppressor genes64. This evidence concerns the gene CTBS and neoplasm.