MTOR and osteoarthritis: Notably, PIK3CA/PI3K (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha)-AKT (AKT serine/threonine kinase)-MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) pathway garners significant interest due to its association with a spectrum of age-related degenerative conditions, encompassing osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis [22,23].