In T1DM, TLR3 signaling in pancreatic tissue upregulates NF-kB and IRF3, leading to extensive type I IFN production that contributes to autoimmune damage by inducing IFN-β production in beta cells via the TICAM-1-dependent pathway, triggering apoptosis and inhibiting insulin production [118–120]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.