Similarly, in a study of aortic stenosis patients who underwent transfemoral aortic valve implantation (TAVI), it was found that patients with DNMT3A-CHIP displayed pro-inflammatory T-cell polarization [8], Meanwhile, chronic infection has been shown to drive clonal expansion of DNMT3A hematopoietic clones via increased interferon-gamma (IFNγ) signalling [9]. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is aortic stenosis.