INS and gestational diabetes: Subgroup analysis indicated that reduced LDL-C levels were associated with an increased risk of GDM after adjusting for differences in maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational age at sampling, fasting glucose and insulin levels, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (odds ratio [OR] 1.372, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.050–1.794, P = 0.021 for medium-LDL-C subgroup; OR 1.672, 95% CI 1.219–2.294, P = 0.001 for low-LDL-C subgroup).