TNF and acute respiratory failure: The following adverse events upon TNF‐α inhibitor, adalimumab, infliximab, and certolizumab, administration were observed in patients who developed ILDs: adalimumab: edema (51.67%), tuberculosis (24.75%), and upper respiratory tract infection (9.82%); infliximab: abdominal distention (58.91%), acute respiratory failure (10.08%), and anorexia (8.91%); certolizumab: dyspnea (83.92%), hematochezia (8.93%), and unknown cause of death (3.57%) (Table 1).