Future research should address this limitation by validating the functional relevance and therapeutic potential of the EpC nanocarrier using well-characterized xenograft models or other in vivo systems, together with comprehensive investigations of the underlying impact of the EpC nanocarrier on signaling pathways in tumor cells, with a particular focus on how the synergy between DNMT inhibition and TET activation regulates cancer-related upstream and downstream pathways at the molecular level. The gene discussed is DNMT1; the disease is cancer.