TCHP and breast cancer: Studies have found that SIAH2 acts as a tumor promoter by targeting key tumor suppressor proteins for degradation, facilitating tumorigenesis in various human malignancies, such as prostate cancer, rectal cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer, etc. (Li et al., 2022; Liu Q. et al., 2022; Hu et al., 2022; Qi et al., 2010; Qi et al., 2013).