Specifically, TAMs sustain stemness via direct activation of SHH pathway in colon cancer (213), meanwhile SHH alternative signaling pathways are TAM-induced in pancreatic cancer (TGFB1/SMAD2/SMAD3/NANOG pathway) (215), in liver cancer (via the NOTCH pathway) (216), breast cancer (via the SRC Proto-Oncogene, Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (SRC) pathway) (196), and in glioma via extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway (217). Here, NANOG is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.