NLRP3 and myalgic encephalomeyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: Intestinal inflammation, often linked to neuroinflammation in CFS, is ameliorated by XYS, which modulates gut microbiota and reduces inflammation through pathways such as the NLRP3 inflammasome (Komaroff, 2019; Hao et al., 2021; König et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2023b).