TWIST1 and lung carcinoma: Schwann cells, through secreting C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5), activate the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/Snail-Twist signaling pathway in lung cancer cells, mediates EMT, and increases the motility, invasiveness, and metastatic potential of lung cancer cells (Zhou et al., 2018).