TGFβ (Monavarian et al., 2022; Brewer et al., 2003; Vergara et al., 2010) has been reported to promote EMT in tumor cells, while TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1 can also promote tumor ETM by upregulating gene expression related to transcription factors such as NF-κB and STAT3. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.