ALB and osteosarcoma: Nanoparticles (CI@HSA NPs) encapsulating capsaicin (CAP) and the photosensitizer IR780 promote ferroptosis in osteosarcoma and improve the hypoxic microenvironment by releasing capsaicin, thereby improving the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in osteosarcoma (Wang et al., 2024).