PKM and hepatocellular carcinoma: However, in the study conducted by Iansante V et al., it was found that Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 14 (PARP14) inhibits the phosphorylation and activity of PKM2 by inactivating c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), thereby enhancing the Warburg effect in HCC and promoting its progression (61).