Research has found that RPLP2 activates TLR4 in an autocrine manner, subsequently promoting the expression of LDHA, GLUT1, PKM1/2, PFKM, and HK1/2 through the activation of the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway, thereby enhancing aerobic glycolysis and contributing to proliferation in HCC (94). Here, HK1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.