Following myocardial infarction, an immediate inflammatory response is triggered at the infarct site, characterized by the rapid accumulation of immune cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, which release various cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1β, MCP-1, MIP-1α, IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF-α Wang et al. Here, TNF is linked to myocardial infarction.