To investigate the role of the CDCA3-ENO1 axis in the chemotherapy response of BLCA, a gemcitabine-resistant T24 cell line (GR-T24) was generated (Fig. 4A, B), which exhibited elevated expression levels of both CDCA3 and ENO1 (Fig. 4C). Here, CDCA3 is linked to bladder transitional cell carcinoma.