Astrocytes in the adult brain can adopt an interferon (IFN)-responsive phenotype following peripheral infection signals such as those derived from LPS injection and disease states like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in which IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) such as Cxcl10 are upregulated [22, 24, 25, 37, 59]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and infection.