While Programmed Death-1 (PD-1)/Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody therapy has achieved success in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), only a minority of patients benefit from immunotherapy, and the high rate of immune-related adverse events remains unsatisfactory [1–3]. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.