Plasmid DNA (pDNA) transfection-induced production of IFNB, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10; an ISG), interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (IFIT1; an ISG) and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL6) was inhibited in DSTYK-knockdown cells (Fig. EV2F,H), whereas responses triggered by infection with SeV were not altered (Fig. EV2G,I). Here, IL6 is linked to infection.