HMOX1 and in situ carcinoma: The effects of OBS and CIS treatments on the expression of genes associated with the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway (Nrf2, HO-1, TNF-α, and NFκB) and the apoptotic process (Bcl-2, Cas-3, and Bax) were examined in the liver (Fig. 5) and kidney (Fig. 6) tissues by assessing mRNA and protein expression levels.