Transcriptomic analysis confirmed that the IBD Chips expressed lower levels of most mucins than Healthy Chips under all conditions, and that while expression of MUC-1,4,12,13,17,3A,5AC, and 5B increased in Healthy Chips exposed to mechanical strain, only MUC5AC and MUC13 increased in the IBD Chips (Fig. 2C). This evidence concerns the gene MUC1 and inflammatory bowel disease.