TRIM21 and interstitial lung disease: In addition to confirming previously established risk factors for RA-CPFE, such as male sex, cigarette smoking, and occupational exposure to toxic particles and gases, multiple logistic regression analysis identified significant associations between RA-CPFE and elevated levels of ILD (OR = 5.80, 95% CI = 3.05–11.41, p < 0.0001), high RF levels (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.04–4.33, p = 0.043), and the presence of anti-SSA antibodies (OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 1.10–8.51, p = 0.03).