RAB32 is also recruited to pathogen-containing vacuoles as part of a host defense mechanism during infection with Salmonella, Legionella, or Trypanosoma; this relies on RAB32 orchestrating the delivery of the mitochondrial metabolite itaconate to the vacuolar lumen (Spanò & Galán, 2012; Hoffmann et al., 2014; Spanò et al., 2016; Solano-Collado et al., 2018; Chen et al., 2020; Salassa et al., 2024). This evidence concerns the gene RAB32 and infection.