PPIG and chronic cystitis: Concerning the normal function of the rat bladder, the values of PCE had not influenced this organ in the least, however, the treatment significantly ameliorated the complexities of CYP-mediated cystitis by reducing inflammation in the urothelium; the levels of the biochemical reactants, including CGRP, TNF-α, IL-6, etc., were nearly normal after PCE treatment.