At 24 hours after coculture with autologous GBM cells, we observed substantial variation in cytokine release between patients (n = 4), but the pattern across CART conditions was consistent within each patient, with CAR28ζ/CPR28 cells demonstrating higher production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-2, MIP-1α, TNF-α, and GM-CSF; two-way ANOVA with the Tukey test; Fig. 3F). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and glioblastoma.