PSEN1 and familial Alzheimer disease: Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) species of 42 or 43 amino acids in length (Aβ42/43) trigger Alzheimer ́s disease (AD) and are produced in abnormal amounts by mutants of the γ-secretase subunit presenilin-1 (PS1), which represent the primary cause of familial AD (FAD).